Mechanism for controlling the admission of air to internal combustion oil engines



K. J. E. HESSELMAN MECHANISM FOR GONTROLLING THE ADMISSION 0F AIR ToINTERNAL coMus'IIoN OIL ENGINES 2 sheets-sheet 1 lexul.

Original Filed Nov.

Aug. 7, 1934. K. J. E. HEssELMAN 1,953,831

MECHANISM FOR CONTROLLING THB ADMISSION 0F' AIR TO 'INTERNAL COMBUSTIUNUIL ENGINES Original Filed Ngv. 5, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 la Arr-ORNE?Patented 7,. 1934 `'Ulvrrlezfli STATES u.1P.irl-ENIFFHCE 1,968,831 l M Eo n A N I s M? Fon CoN'rRoLLlNG 'run ADMISSION OF AIR TO I CODIBUSTIONOIL ENGINES NTERNAL 'Knut Jonas Elias Hesselman, SaltsjogStor'angen,lnear Stockholm, Sweden, assigner to Hesselman Motor Corporation, Ltd.,London, England, a corporation of Great Britain Application November 5,1929, Serial No". 404,912.`

Renewed July 3, 1933. In Sweden November This invention relates to`internal combustion oil engines which are provided with regulationmeans to determine the quantity of fuel oil to be injected foreachworking stroke. In such 5 engines it has been already proposed, in orderto promote the combustiomlto decrease thev supply of air upon areduction of the supply of fuel for each working stroke by means of adamper oraI similar valve inserted in the suction conduit of the engineand mechanically connected to a regulating -device of the fuel pump sothat the 'damper has been. caused to throttle the supply of airaccording as -the fuel pump has been adjusted under the control of the.regulatingy device to deliver a reduced quantity of fuel oil at eachsuch stroke. Such an arrangement, however,

gives a very approximate and unreliableregula tion of the supply of air.Particularly, said regulation does not take care of 'variations of the29 number of revolutions'of the engine,fin as much l as the area leftopen at the damper will be the vsame at high and low numbers ofi4krevolutions.

As a result, the quantity of air supplied for each s strokeof the pumpplungerwill be smaller at a small as to give rise to a harmful orotherwise non-desirable vacuum Within the cylinder.

The present invention has for one of its principal objects tlieprovision of means for maintaining a desired ratio between .the quantityof air admitted andthe quantity of `fuel admitted for each Workingstroke of the engine throughout the'normal working range of engineloads, and for maintaining such ratio at a substantially constant value,irrespective of the variations in engine speed at a given load, without40 any circumstances of load on the engine.A 'This is accomplished byproviding a spring loaded valve responsive to variations in enginesuction for restricting the admission of air to the engine, the springload on which is increased or decreased upon increase or decrease of thequantity of fuel supplied per Working, stroke within the lower lo'adrange of the engine, and by so constructing and arranging said valvemeans that Within the upper load range ofthe engine the admission of airis not aiected by 'the spring load.

Other and more detailed objects of the. invention and the manner inwhich the several ob' jects are attained will appear as the followingdescription of several suitable embodiments of unduly restricting theadmission of 'air underv (ci. 12a-s2) apparatus for carrying theinvention into. effect proceeds.

I'n the accompanying drawings forming a part .of this speciiication:

Fig. 1 is a' vertical section of an embodiment'.

The invention is characterized, chiefly, by the factthat the airthrottling' device comprises a spring loaded valve the spring load ofwhich is varied due to the adjustment of the fuel regulating device. Dueto this spring load the air admission area left'open by the valve at acertain adjustment of said regulating device will not be xed butwill-depend on the number of revolutions of the engine so thatthe saidarea. will be larger according as the number ofjrevolutions -and thusalso-the action of the. engine in drawing in air increases. For eachadjustment o! the 'tro fuel regulating device or the spring load theremay thus be a larger or smaller air admission area left open by thevalve according as the number of revolutions is higher or lower,I thatis to say, a substantially constant ratio will be main-v tained betweenthe quantity-of air inducted for each'working stroke of the engine andthe 'quantity of yfuel delivered for each such `working stroke.

In the accompanying drawings several embodiments of the invention areshown.

Fig. 1 is a vertical section'of an embodiment of the invention, adaptedfor avehicle engine. Fig. la is asection on a larger scale of a part ofthe apparatus 'shown in Fig. ll. Fig. 2 is a' section of amodiedembodiment, likewise adapted for a vehicle engine. Figs. 3 and aresections of an air regulating devicev especially adapt? ed for a smallengine which comprises a single spring'loaded valve.. Fig. 3 illustratesthe'position of the, valve at full load, and Fig. 4 illustrates theposition of the valve at low load. Figs. 5 and 6 are sections of an airregulating device especially adapted for large engines which comprises adilerential valve. Fig. 5 illustrates the position of the valve at lowload and Fig; 6 illustrates the position of the valve at full load. f l

With reference to Fig. 1 the numeralA 1 indicates the cylinder of aninternal combustion engine driven by liquid fuel injected towards theend of the compression stroke. eiected through the nozzle 2 suppliedwith fuel The injection is from the pump'. Combined with lthe fuel pump`through a ly operated, if desired. ,The suction stroke of the plunger-4is effected, as shown, bya spring 'I'. whereas the discharge stroke iseffected by a cam 8 through the intermedium of a sliding block 9.

The admission of air to the cylinder takes place channel 10 theconnection of which with thecylinder 15e-controlled bythe valve 11. Theconnection between the channel 10 and the atmosphere iscontrolled-by aregulating mechanism contained in a casing 12 communicating with thechannel 10 and opened to the atmosphere at 13. The regulating mechanismshown comprises a slide valve 14, a spring controlled main valve 15 anda likewise spring controlled auxiliary valve 16. The slide 14 controlstwo rows of 4openings y1'1. 18 vin thefcasing 12, the former by itsupper edge and the latter by a seiries of openings 19 of'littleheightf`as compared with the heightV of--the openings 1'1. The slidevalve 14 is carried by the stem 20 carrying below the casing a spring21tending to maintain the slide valve fin full open state. The lower endof the stem 20 rests on the lever 6 above referred to. The stem 20is-extended above the slide valve 14 and supports by means of a lightspring 22 a disc or plate 2,3 in turn supporting a heavier spring 24acting on the valve 15. Said .valve 15 controls a` connection to thechannel 10 by way of a branch channel 25 leading from the inlet 13.II'he valve 15 is adapted to be held out of actionv by being positivelyheld in closed position when the engine runs at no load. Tothis end, Iprovide a pin 26 ,in alignment'rwith the stem 20 and fitting in a sleeve2'?, carried by said pin 26 and extending through the valve 15. The pin26 with the sleeve 27 is longitudinally movable, and the sleeve 27 isprovided at its'lower end with a flange 28 adapted to engagethe valve 15and move it against its seat when the pin 26 is moved upwards by thestem 20 in the upwardmovement of the, slide valve 14, as will behereinafter described.

The pin 26 may be longitudinally adjusted, in

as much as it is screwed into g 4member 39 con-` nected to sleeveA 27.This is forthe purpose of determining that position of the slide valvein which the valve 15 engages its seat, that is, the no-load position.Formed in the pin 26 is a bypass channel 40 ending in the'surface of thepin below the flange 28. The area; of the lower mouth of said channelmay be adjusted by the above said adjustment of the pin 26. Said by-passchannel will allow a small quantity of air, which is the smaller theshorter the Lrio-load stroke of the plunger, to enter the passage 10independently of the closed valve 15.

, thermore, a comparatively light spring may be used to act on the valve15 with the result that the operation of the hanci'lever 6 will befacilitated.

The operation of the mechanism described is as follows:

Normally, that is, when the engine works at normal or full load theairregulating mechanisml is in the position shown in Fig. 1. In thisposition the air may enter freely through the open- -ings 17, 18. Atthebeginning of the compression jperiod there will thus exist, practically,atmospheric pressure within the cylinder. When the load sinks and thefuel pump regulating mechanism is, as a result, operated to reduce thequantity of fuel injected, by moving the control lever 6 upwards, thestem 20 with slide 14 willat the same time be lifted. This will effect athrottling of theadmission of air iirst at' a relatively slow rate, aslong as the openings 19 `are fully uncovered, and then at a successivelyhigher rate. Dur- 'ing thesaid last mentioned period of the slidemovement a sleeve 29 secured to the stem -20 which carries the spring 22will come into engagement with the lower surface of the disc 23 whichwill then constitute a rigid support for the spring 24 causing thelatter to hold the valve 15 with a certain pressure against its seat.For the range of movement of the control lever 6 from full load positionto that at which sleeve 29 engages the lower face of disc 23, whichrange coris effected by the slide14, the valve 15 being held.

toits seat by spring load. Thus, in this range, the spring loaded valvedoes not control the admission of air. The valve 15 will come intoaction to assist to the regulation of the admission of air, that is, toallow more air to enter, as soon as the throttling of the air inconformity with the load as effected by the slide valve 14 only allowssuch a little quantity of air to enter that the vacuum generated withinthe cylinder due, for instance, to an increase of the number ofrevolutions,- Will allow the atmospheric pressure to open the valve i5against the action ofspring 24.

When the slide valve 14, due to reduction ofthe-pump stroke, has beenlifted to such a level as completely to cover the openings 1718, theregulationV of the air will be elected substantially entirely by thevalve l5. According as the length of the pump stroke is further reduced,that is, the slide valve 14 is 'still further lifted the tension of thespring 24 will be increased and the quantity of air passing throughvalve l5 correspondingly reduced so thatit will keep substantiallyproportional to the quantity of fuel injected irrespective of 'thenumber of revolutions, inasmuch as the valve will open more at highernumber of revolutions than at lower. After the slide valve 14 has beenlifted to such a level that the stem 20 has taken the pin 26 with it,causing the flange 28 to press the valve 15 against its seat, the valve15 will be put out of action.

'I'he admission of air is now controlled'. by the above said by-passchannel 40 in the pin 26, by an adjustable no-load aperture 30, and bythe valve 16 in conjunction. With the engine running slowly at no-load,as with the vehicles stationary, the quantiy of air allowed to enterthrough 30 and 40 will give a suflicient pressure to insure combustionof all of the very small quantity of fuel injected at each stroke underthese conditions, the number of revolutions being maintained constant orsubstantially constant by the number of revolutions, as, for instance,with the If, on lthe other L. hand, the engine be running light at -ahighcar running down a hill, it may happen that the quantity of air asallowed to enter through 30I and 40 will be so little as to cause a highinner load,v resultingin too high a braking ed'ect and incompletecombustion of the i'uel injected. In order to prevent this drawback thevalve 16 is so, arranged and its load so adjusted as 'to open v 'at agiven vacuum suited to the circumstances morder thereby to limit thereduction oi' the pressure. l

.From the foregoing it will be seen that at intermediate engine loadsthe air admitted to the engine is-throttled under the iniluence of thespring load on valve 15, while at engine loads above such intermediateloads valve is rendered ineffective as a throttling means` even thoughit is closed due to the opening of the 15 ports uncovered by movement ofvalve 14. Similarly valve 15 is rendered ineilective under noloadoperating conditions due to the by-pass provided to take' care of suchoperation. It will further be noted that the valve 14 provides throughthe opening of ports 1'! andl torsubstantially unrestricted ilow oi' airat full engine load' or engine load which is substantially full load. Ashereinaiter employed the term. substantially full engine load isintended to in-v 2g; clude what may be termed the full load range ofoperational the engine including not only actual full load, but loadsAwhich approxi-- mate full load.' In certain casas the mechanism may Ibemade more simple by omitting theauidliary valve 18,

A especially adapted for small engines. In this embodiment .the airregulating mechanism com- 40 prises a spring .operated valve only. Saidvalve is shown as a valve plate 56 co-operating .with a seat surroundingthe air yintake opening-51. 'lhe valveplate 50 may slide on the stem 52,which projects through the valve casing and is adapted 41|; to beoperated by the iuel pumpv .control lever (not shown) in the samewayasalready described. The spring 53 acting on the .valve plate 50 issupported by a disc 54 resting-on a shoulder of the stem 52. Screwed `onthe end oi the stem 552 projectingabove the valve plate 50 is a nut 55serving as an upper valve stop in the way hereinafter described.

Fig. 3 illustrates the position oi the regulat- -ing mechanism at fullload on the engine.' `In this y5g; position the nut 55 maintainsthevalve 50 in its lowermost position in` which the largest quantity of airmay pass through opening 51. In thispo- 'sition' the spring 53 is notunder tension or under' a slight tension only. `According as the amounta0 of fuel iniected decreases the stem 52 will'be lifted therebysuccessively bringing the valve plate 50 into engagement with its seatand, should the lifting movement oi the stem continue, the spring 53will be put under tension causing thevalve e5 50 to begin its regulatingaction. When the pump stroke has been decreased as i'ar as possible,that is, when the amountof fuel injected is equal to 0, the tension ofthe springwill balance the atmospherics pressure upon' the valve platethere- 7o by keeping the valve 50 inclosed state.

As will be seen from Fig. 3, the annular opening between the valve seatandthe valve 50. when the valve isin full load position, is so largewithrespect to the area of the circular opening 51,

that the initial upward movement oi valve 50 from .incassi full loadposition produces substantially the same eii'ect as the slide 14 in theless simple valve arrangement of Fig. 1, particularly when spring 53 1sunder an initial tension. During the initial up- .ward movement' ofvalve 50, corresponding to the high load range oi the engine, the springload of. spring 53 maintains valve 50 against the stop 55, and it isonly when the valve 50 is moved sufliciently near to its seatto causean7 appreciable vacuum to be formed in the intake pipe that the v alvecommences to function as a pressure responsive element. The range ofadjustment of the control means in which a spring loaded valve acts as apressure responsive element corresponds to the low load operating rangeof the engine.

Figs. 5 and `6 illustrate an embodmentof the invention which isespecially adapted for large engines b ut may yet present certainadvantages also in connection'withsmall engines. In this embodiment theregulating means comprises two interconnected slide valve plates 60 and6l, respectively, of .diierent diameter. The common stem 62 of saidslidevalve plates is acted on by a Spring 63 the'tension of which needonly correspond to th air pressure acting on the difference oi' thevalve areas. As a result, the power pared with that required yin theembodiments above described. At the same time, the air inlet areas withcompletely open valves arel twice that of the embodiment shown in Figs.3 and fi. As

a lfurther advantage it may Vbe mentioned that the valve plates do notengage any seats but will enter the respective borings 64 and 65, whenin closed state, as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 5. In order to'show the advantage of this ar.- rangement it may be mentioned that thevac- 'necessary to effect the regulation is smal as comY uum within thepassage 10 is not constant especially in engines having but a fewcylinders. This willcause the valves to oscillate. In thel embodiilments having valve seats the valves `will consequently strike theseats-especially at. low number oi'revolutions--which will result in adisturbing noise. vIn the embodiment shown in Figs.

5 and 6 the slide valve plates will oscillate about a position of'balance when .the spring is under tension and throttling is "to beeffected. In Fig.

5 the spring is shown under slight tension while. in Fig. 6, the springis not under tension and the air intake opening fully uncovered. Thisdesign -`n may, of course,be combined with auxiliary means similar tothose shown in Fig. 1, that is stopping means to permit running atnoload,aux iliary valve, and no-load opening. y

In the several embodiments illustrated it will be evident that atsubstantially full engine lo'ad the air supply is unrestricted due tothe'iact that in the embodiment of Figs. 1 and 2 the ports con` Itrolledby slide 14 are fully'uncovered, and that in the' embodiments ofFigs. 3-6 the spring loaded 1 valve member is movedv away from its seatto a position `providing iull air inlet openings. It ,will further beevident that the several embodiments function to produce the samecharacter of regulation, which provides'variations of the areal of theair inlet opening in response to variations in engine suction in the lowload range of engine able embodiments oi' apparatus for carrying the`the invention is not limited in its scope to the precise forms ofapparatus herein disclosed, but is intended to include all forms ofapparatus falling with/in the scope of the appended claims when they areconstrued as broadly as is/consistent with the state of the prior art.f;

i WhatI-claim is:

l. In an internal combustion engine, mechanism for supplying fuel to theengine, control means for governing the quantity of fuel delivered bysaid mechanism for each working stroke of the engine and means providingfor the admission of combustion air to'the engine, said last named meansoperating under the inuence of said contrdl means to providesubstantially unrestricted flow of air to the engine at high engineloads and including a valve having a spring load variable under theinfluence of said control means for throttling the ilow of air at lowerengine loads subject to variations in the quantity of fuel delivered foreach such working stroke.

il. In an internal combustion engine, mechanism for supplying fuel tothe engine, control means for governing the quantity of fuel deliveredby said mechanism for each working stroke of the Iengine and meansYproviding for the admission of combustion air to the engine, said lastnamed means comprising a valve movable independently of said-controlmeans upon variation in engine suction and having a spring load underthe infiuence of said control means `for throttling the flow ofcombustion air at intermediate engine loads subject to variations in thequantity of fuel delivered'for each working stroke and means forrendering said valve ineffective to throttle the now of air at engineloads above said intermediate loads.

3. In an internal combustion engine, mechai nism for supplying fuel tothe engine, control means for governing the quantity of fuel deliveredby saidmechanism for each working stroke of. the engine and meansproviding for the admission of combustion air to theengine, said-lastnamed means comprising a valve having a 'spring load under the influenceof said control means for throttling the flow of combustion air atintermediate engine loads subject to variations in the quantity of fueldelivered for each working stroke and means for rendering said valveineffective to throttle the ow of` air atengine loads above and belowsaid intermediate loads.

4. In an internal combustion engine, mechanism for supplying fuel to theengine, control -means for governing the quantity of fuel delivered bysaid mechanism for each working stroke of the engine and means'providing for the admission of combustion air' to the engine,

'said last named means comprising a valve having a springload under theinfluence of said control means for throttling the flow of combustionair at intermediate engine loads subject to ,variations in the-quantityof fuel delivered for each such working stroke, a second valvepermitting substantially unrestricted flow of air at loads above saidintermediate loads anda by-pass for admitting air at loads below saidintermediate. Y loads when said rst mentioned valve closed by saidspring load. 5. In an internal combustion engine, mechanism forsupplying fuel to the engine, control means for governing the quantityof fuel delivered y by said mechanism for each working stroke of `theengine and lmeans providing for the admission y gofcombustion air totheengine, said'last means comprising a valve movable independently of saidcontrol means upon variation in engine suction and having a spring loadunder the influence of said control means for throttling the now ofcombustion air subject to variations in the quantity of fuel deliveredfor each such working stroke and means for rendering said valveineffective to throttle the flow of air at substantially full engineload, whereby substantially unrestricted flow of air is secured at suchload.

8. In an internal combustion engine, mechanism for supplying fuel to theengine, control means for governing the quantity of fuel delivered bysaid mechanism for each working stroke of the engine and mechanism forgoverning the admission of combustion lair to the engine comprisinga'valve having a spring load under the influence of said control meansfor throttling now of oombustion air subject to variations in thequantity of fuel delivered for each working stroke and means forrendering said valve ineffective at substantially full engine load, saidlast named means v mission of combustion air to the engine comprising avalve movable independently of said control means upon variation inengine suction and having a spring load under the influence of saidcontrol means for throttling iiow of combustion air subject tovariations in the quantity of fuel delivered for each working stroke andmeans for rendering said valve ineffective at substantially full engineload, said last named means causing said valve tomove to open `positionwhen said control means is moved to substantially full yload position.

8. In an internal combustion engine, mechanism for supplying fuel to theengine, control means for regulating the quantity oi fuel delivered bysaid mechanism for each working stroke of the engine and means forcontrolling the air supplied to the lengine comprising a valveadapted'to open due to differential air pressure caused by enginesuction and a spring influenced by movement of the control meansfor^applying to said valve a closing pressure increasing as the fuelsupply is decreased, said valve being adapted to moveto fully openposition without resistance from' said spring when the control means ismoved to substantially full load position. f

9. In an internal combustion engine, mechanism for supplying fuel to theengine, control means for regulating the quantity of fuel delivered bysaid mechanism for each working stroke' of the engine and mans forcontrolling the air supplied to the engine comprising a valve adapted toopendue to differential air pressure caused by engine suction and aspring influenced by movement of the `control means for applying to`said valve a closing pressure increasing as the fuel supply isdecreased, said spring being adjusted to exert a pressure substantiallyequal to atmospheric pressure when the control means is vadiusted todeliver no fuel and said valvev being adaptedv to `move to open positionwithout resistance from said-spring when the c'ontrol xlians ismovedtofsubatantiallyfull load posin. l y t y 10. In an internal combustionengine, mec msm for supplying fuel to the engine', control means for.regulating the quantity of fuel delivl ered by said mechanism for eachworking stroke of the engine .and means for controlling the air suppliedto the engine comprising a valve adapted to open due to differential airp e caused by engine suction and a spring influenced by movement of thecontrol means for-applying 'to said valve a closing pressure'increaslngjas the fuel supply is decreased, said spring being adjustedto exert substantially no presure when the control means is adjusted todeliver relativelyV large 'quantities of fuel andv to "eaert a pressure.substantially equal to atmospheric pressure when the control means isadjusted to deliver no fuel and said valve being adapted to move tofully open position -without resistance from said spring when thecontrol means is moved to substantial- 1y full load position.

11. In an internal combustion engine, mechanism for supplying fuel tothe engine, control meansfor governing the quantity of fuel delivered bysaid mechanism for each working stroke of the engine, a passage havingan inlet for supplying combustion air to the engine; a plate'valve forcontrolling said inlet. `a spring load acting on said valve under theinfluence of said control means for maintaining a substantiallyconstantratio betwen the quantity of air and the quantity of fuelsupplied for each such working stroke irrespective of variations inengine speedand a second air inlet 'for admittingvair to said passageindependently of the spring loaded valve. 4

l2. In an internal combustion engine, mechanism for supplying fuel tothe engine, control means for regulating the quantity of fuel deliveredby said mechanism for each working strokeof the engine and means forcontrolling the air supplied to the engine comprising -a substantiallybalanced double plate valve adapted to open due to dilferential airpressure caused by engine suction and a spring iniiuenced by movement ofthe control means for applying to said valve a closing pressurelincreasing as the fuel supply isdecreased, said valve being adapted tomove to fully open position without resistance from said spring when thecontrol means is moved to substantially full load position. e e

13. In an internal combustion engine, mechanism for supplying fuel tothe engine, control meansl for regulating the quantity of fuel deliveredby saidv mechanism for each working stroke. of the engine and means forcontrolling the air supplied to the engine comprising an annular platevalve adapted to open due to difterential air pressure caused by enginesuction, a spring lniiuenced by movement, of the. control means forapplying to said valve a closing pressure increasing as the fuel supplyis decreased and means influenced by movement ofthe control means forrenderingsaid valve ineifective to throttle the 'flow of ,air atsubstantially full englneload.' 1 14'. In an internal combustion .oilengine the y combination cfa-fuel pump, a regulating device to determinethe. quantity -of fuel to bedelivered by `Sgn-,1 pump for each ignition,an. air supplying passage, a slide valve to control the air supply underthe control ofsaid regulating device when adjusted to cause'the pump-todeliver large quantities of-fel oilfor eachignition, a spring-loaded:valve'the spring-load of which is under the controlf of said regulatingdevice, said valvebeingf.; fada'pted to be opened by the vacuumproducedin number of revolutions of the engine,. and "a -mined by theweaker of the two springs when said loaded valveto control thesupply ofair through said passage under'the control of said regulating.r devicewhen adjusted to cause the pump to deliver small quantities of fuel, andmeans controlled by said slide 'valve to lmaintain said spring-loadedvalve in closed 'state when said regulating device is in the positioncorresponding to no load on the engine: Y

16. In an internal combustionv oil engine the combination of aregulating device to determine the quantityof i'uel oil to bedeliveredxfor each ignition, an air supplying passage, a valve-tacontrolthe supply of air through said passage, a spring load acting on saidvalve under the con; trol of said regulating device to keep the quantityvof air supplied for each ignition substantially proportional to thequantity of fuel oil supplied for each ignition irrespective ofvariations of the spring-loaded auxiliary valve to supply an addi-.tional quantity of air when the engine is running at low load at a highnumber of revolutions;

17. In' an .internal combustion engine, mechanism for supplying fuel tothe,engine, control means for governing the quantity of fuel deliveredby said mechanisms-for each working stroke of the engine, a passagehaving an inlet for supplying combustion air to the engine, a valve forcontrolling said inlet, a springload acting on said 'valve under theinfluenceof said control means for maintaining a substantially constantratio between the quantity of air and the quantity of fuel supplied foreach working stroke irrespective of variations in engine speed, andmeans whereby a substantially unrestricted supply` of air is admitted tosaid passage independently of the spring load on said valve when saidmechanism vis adjusted for substantially full engineload. 18. In aninternal combustion engine, mecha- 125 nism for supplying fuel totheengine, control means for governing the quantity of fuel delivered'bysaid mechanism. for each working stroke of the engine, a passage havingan inlet for sup-` plyingcombustion air to the engine, a valve forrwcontrolling said inlet -and a spring load acting on said valve under theinfluence of saidcontrol means for maintaining a substantially constantvratio between the quantity of air and the quantity of fuelv supplied foreach .working stroke irrespective of variations in engine speed, saidspring load being provided by two` springs of different strength, thevalue of the spring loadbeing detercontrol means is adjusted forrelatively high enla gine loads and the value ofthe spring load beingdetermined by the stronger of the two springsA is adjusted. forrelatively low engine loads. y

19. m an internal combustion engine, mecnanism forV supplying fuel totheengins, .control v when the control means message@ @he vali-s 15'-adapted to open 4due to diiferential air pressure caused by enginesuction, a spring for'applying a closing pressure to said valve, anabutment for said spring movable in response to movements of saidcontrol means, said valve being movable with respect to said abutmentand said spring being between the valve and the abutment, and adjustmentmeans for varying the initial pressure exerted on the valve by saidspring.

20. In an internal combustion engine having a working cylinder and aninlet for supplying combustion air to the cylinder, pump means forsupplying a measured quantity of fuel to the cylinder for each workingstroke, a valve for controlling said inlet, said valve comprising avalve member adapted to open under the influence of pressure 'of airadmitted through said inlet and a spring load for closing the valve,said valve providing an inlet opening for fiowof air increasing in sizein substantially direct proportion with movement of said valve memberfrom closed position, regulating mechanism for regulating said pumpmeans and said valve Jcomprising parts foperatively connected to moveinsubstantially directly proportional relationship with respect to eachother, the position of one of said parts determining the quantityofi'uel delivered by said pump means foreach working stroke and the,position of the other of said parts determining the value of thesp1-ing load on said valve member resisting opening ofthe valve andmeans for rendering said valve member ineffective to control flow of airto said cylinder when said regulatingA mechanism is adjusted to providea fuel supply suitable for substantially full load operation of theengine.

21. In an internal combustion engine having a worlclng cylinder and aninlet for supplying combustion air to the cylinder, pump means forsupplying a. measured quantity of fuel to the cylinder for each workingstroke, a valve for controlling said inlet, said valve comprising areciprocable valve member adapted to open under the influence ofpressure of air admitted through said inlet and Aa spring load forclosing the valve, mechanism for regulating said pump means and saidvalve comprising parts operatively connected to move in substantiallydirectly proportional relationship with respect to each other, theposition of one of said parts determining the quantity of `i'ueldelivered by said pump means for each working stroke and the position ofthe other of said parts determining the value of the spring load on'said valve member resisting opening of the valve and means forrendering said -valve member ineffective to control flow of air to saidcylinder when said regulating mechanism is adjusted to provide a fuelsupply suitable for sub-V stantially full load operation ofthe engine.

22. In an internal combustion engine having a Working cylinder and aninlet for supplying combustion air to the cylinder, pump means forsupplying a measured quantity of fuel to the cylinder for each workingstroke, `a. valve for controlling said inlet, said valve comprising areciprocable valve member adapted to open under the influence ofpressure of air admitted through said inlet and a spring load forclosing the valve, said valve member and said inlet cooperating toprovide an inlet opening for flow of air increasing iny size insubstantially direct proportion with movement of the valve member away*from closed position,

regulating -mechanism for regulating said pump means and said valveycomprising partsoperatively connected to move in substantially directlyproportional relationship with retermining the value of the spring loadon saidvalve member resisting opening of the valve and means forrendering said spring load ineffective to move said valve member awayfrom substantially fully open position when said regulating means isadjusted to provide a fuel supply suitable for substantially full loadoperation of the engine.

23. In an internal combustion engine having a working cylinder and aninlet for supplying combustion air to the cylinder, pump means forsupplying a measured quantity of fuel to the cylinder for each Workingstroke, a valve for controllingsaid inlet, said valve comprising areciprocable valve member adapted to open under the influence ofpressure of air admitted through said inlet, a loading spring and anabutment against which said spring reacts said spring tending to closesaid valve and said abutment being adjustable Withjrespect to said'inlet opening to determine the force required to open the valve againstthe resistance provided vao by the loading spring, Iregulating mechanismfor regulating said pump means and said valve comprising partsoperatively connected to move in4 adjustment of said abutment forcausingsaid valve member to be fully open when said regulating mechanismis adjusted to provide a fuel supply suitable for substantially fullload oper.- ation of the engine. i

24. In an internal combustion engine having a `Working cylinder and aninlet for supplying combustion air to the cylinder, a plunger pump forsupplying a measured quantity of fuel to the cylinder for `each workingstroke, a valve for controlling said inlet, said valve comprising areciprocable valve member adapted to open under the influence ofpressure of air admitted through said inlet, said valve providing aninlet opening for flow of air increasing in size in substantially vdirect proportion with movement of said valve member from closedposition, mechanism for regulating said pump means and said valvecomprising a first part movable to alter the effective stroke of saidpump whereby to regulate the quantity of fuel delivered by the pump foreach Working stroke and a second part operatively connected with saidfirst part so as to move in substantially directly proportionalrelationship therewith, said second part providing an abutment and aloading spring for said valve, said spring reacting against saidabutment and tending to close the' valve, said second part having aposition rendering said loading spring ineffective to g move said valvemember from fully open position when said regulating mechanism isadjusted to provide a fuel supply suitable for substantially full loadoperation of the engine. i

25'. an internal combustion engine of the injection type, a pump forsupplying'fuel to the engine, control means'ior governing the quantityof fuel delivered by said pump for each working stroke of the engine,and valve means operatively associated with said control means foradmitting air to the engine, said valve means including a valve partadapted to be opened by pressure of air admitted to the engine against aspring load the value of which is dependent upon the position ofadjustment of the control means in the range of movement of the controlmeans corresponding to the low load range of the engine and a partmovable with said control means for controlling the admision of airindependently of said spring load in the range of movement of thecontrol means corresponding to the high load range, of the engine, thelast mentioned part being arranged to provide Afor substantiallyunrestricted admission of air when the control means is in a position ofadjustment corresponding to substantially full load on the engine.

26. In an internal combustion engine of the injection type, a pump forsupplying fuel to the engine, control means for governing the quantityof fuel delivered by said pump for each working stroke of the engine,and valve means operatively associated with sad control means foradmitting air to the engine, said valve means comprising a valve memberadapted to be opened by pressure of air admitted to the engineand-having a springload for closing the' valve the value of which isinuenced by the position of adjustment of the control means, said valvemember being movable with respect to said control means under theinuence of the pressure of said air and the said spring load in therange of movement of the control means corresponding to the low loadrange of the engine and additional means for ad'- mitting air to theengine independently of said spring load, said additional means beingoperative to admit air in the range of movement of the control meanscorresponding to the high load range of the engine and providing forsubstantially unrestricted flow of air to the engine when the controlmeans is in a position ofv adjustment corresponding to substantiallyfull load on the engine.

27. In an internal combustion engine of the injection type, a pump forsupplying fuel to the engine, control means for governing the quantityof fuel delivered by said pump for each working stroke of the engine,and a spring loaded valve operatively associated with said control meansfor admitting air to the engine, said valve being movable with saidcontrol means independently of said spring load in the range of movementof said control means corresponding to the high load range of the engineand being movablerelative to said control means under the influence ofthe pressure of air admitted to the engine and the said spring load inthe range of movement of said control means corresponding to the lowload range of .the engine, said control means and said valve beingarranged to permit the valve to move to a position permittingsubstantially unrestricted flow of air therethrough when the controlmeans is moved to a position of adjustment correspond- 115;:

ing to substantially full load on the engine.

KNUT JONAS ELIAS HESSELMAN.

CERTIFICATE oF CORRECTION.

Paten! No. l,968,83l.

August 7., 1934.

KNUT vJONAS ELIASl HESSELMAN.

It is hereby Certified' that error appearsin the printed specificationof the 'above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page l,.line 60, commencing with "Fig. 1" strike out ali to and including theword "shown" in lillev 83; and that the said Leners Patent should *beread with this correction therein lha; the samemay Conform to the recordof't'he case in the Patent Office.

'Signed and sealed thisA lith day of September, A. D. 1934.

((Seal) Lesl ie Frazer Acting Commissioner of Patents.

associated with said control means for admitting air to the engine, saidvalve means including a valve part adapted to be opened by pressure ofair admitted to the engine against a spring load the value of which isdependent upon the position of adjustment of the control means in therange of movement of the control means corresponding to the low loadrange of the engine and a part movable with said control means forcontrolling the admision of air independently of said spring load in therange of movement of the control means corresponding to the high loadrange, of the engine, the last mentioned part being arranged to provideAfor substantially unrestricted admission of air when the control meansis in a position of adjustment corresponding to substantially full loadon the engine.

26. In an internal combustion engine of the injection type, a pump forsupplying fuel to the engine, control means for governing the quantityof fuel delivered by said pump for each working stroke of the engine,and valve means operatively associated with sad control means foradmitting air to the engine, said valve means comprising a valve memberadapted to be opened by pressure of air admitted to the engineand-having a springload for closing the' valve the value of which isinuenced by the position of adjustment of the control means, said valvemember being movable with respect to said control means under theinuence of the pressure of said air and the said spring load in therange of movement of the control means corresponding to the low loadrange of the engine and additional means for ad'- mitting air to theengine independently of said spring load, said additional means beingoperative to admit air in the range of movement of the control meanscorresponding to the high load range of the engine and providing forsubstantially unrestricted flow of air to the engine when the controlmeans is in a position ofv adjustment corresponding to substantiallyfull load on the engine.

27. In an internal combustion engine of the injection type, a pump forsupplying fuel to the engine, control means for governing the quantityof fuel delivered by said pump for each working stroke of the engine,and a spring loaded valve operatively associated with said control meansfor admitting air to the engine, said valve being movable with saidcontrol means independently of said spring load in the range of movementof said control means corresponding to the high load range of the engineand being movablerelative to said control means under the influence ofthe pressure of air admitted to the engine and the said spring load inthe range of movement of said control means corresponding to the lowload range of .the engine, said control means and said valve beingarranged to permit the valve to move to a position permittingsubstantially unrestricted flow of air therethrough when the controlmeans is moved to a position of adjustment correspond- 115;:

ing to substantially full load on the engine.

KNUT JONAS ELIAS HESSELMAN.

CERTIFICATE oF CORRECTION.

Paten! No. l,968,83l.

August 7., 1934.

KNUT vJONAS ELIASl HESSELMAN.

It is hereby Certified' that error appearsin the printed specificationof the 'above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page l,.line 60, commencing with "Fig. 1" strike out ali to and including theword "shown" in lillev 83; and that the said Leners Patent should *beread with this correction therein lha; the samemay Conform to the recordof't'he case in the Patent Office.

'Signed and sealed thisA lith day of September, A. D. 1934.

((Seal) Lesl ie Frazer Acting Commissioner of Patents.

